The problems of radio wave propagations have, in the main, been the exclusive purview of a few telecommunication experts and radar specialists Today, after the rapid development of telecommunication and wireless networking over the last fifteen years, these problems now occupy the attention of a rapidly increasing number of experts. Given the particular difficulties of urban area propagation academic models of propagation, those in free space, are of little use for this purpose.

The importance and complexity of propagation modelling arose with appearance of widespread cellular mobile telephone and wireless computer networks. Both of these examples are middle-range systems in extremely complicated environments; developed urban areas - where the majority of network users both live and work.

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